A distal radius fracture is a common injury that occurs in the forearm, specifically at the wrist, where the radius bone, one of the two major bones in the forearm, breaks near its end closest to the wrist joint. This type of fracture is often referred to as a "wrist fracture" and is most frequently seen in individuals who experience falls, particularly in older adults, where the characteristic mechanism involves falling onto an outstretched hand. The force of impact transmitted through the wrist can lead to various types of fractures, including Colles' fracture, which typically involves a break that occurs just above the wrist with the distal fragment being displaced posteriorly, creating a characteristic "dinner fork" or "bayonet" appearance. In younger individuals, these fractures may also arise from sporting activities, motor vehicle accidents, or high-energy trauma. Symptoms of a distal radius fracture generally include severe wrist pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty moving the wrist or fingers. In certain cases, there may also be visible deformity or abnormal positioning of the wrist. Diagnosis is primarily accomplished through a physical examination followed by imaging studies such as X-rays, which reveal the specific nature and extent of the fracture. In some instances, computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be utilized for more complex fractures or to evaluate associated injuries to ligaments or cartilage. The management of a distal radius fracture depends on several factors, including the type of fracture and its degree of displacement. For non-displaced fractures, treatment typically involves immobilization with a cast for several weeks to allow for proper healing. In contrast, displaced fractures might require reduction, a procedure that realigns the bone fragments, which can sometimes be accomplished non-operatively or may necessitate surgical intervention involving fixation devices such as plates, screws, or pins to stabilize the fracture and promote optimal healing. Post-treatment rehabilitation is often crucial for restoring function, strength, and range of motion in the wrist, which may involve physical therapy and guided exercises. It is important to monitor for complications such as malunion or nonunion of the fracture, as well as potential nerve or blood vessel injury, which can occur in severe cases. Overall, awareness of the risk factors, coupled with prompt diagnosis and appropriate management, is essential in ensuring favorable outcomes for individuals suffering from this common injury, as the wrist plays a vital role in daily activities and overall upper extremity function.
